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Biography

Jay S. Albanese is Professor in the Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University. He received the Ph.D. from the School of Criminal Justice at Rutgers University. Dr. Albanese served as Chief of the International Center at the National Institute of Justice. He is the author and editor of 24 books and over 100 journal articles and book chapters on the issues of organized crime, corruption, ethics, transnational crime, and criminal justice. He is a principal with Criminologists without Borders, an NGO in consultative status with the United Nations. www.jayalbanese.com/

Abstract

The primary objective of this research is to develop a description and typology of the nature of serious cases of human trafficking and how traffickers, their victims, and consumers (the demand) overlap and interact across locations. This study examines known human trafficking enterprises for which sufficient evidence has been obtained to result in prosecution. These are also serious cases because US federal and international prosecutions result when the offenses are interstate or international in scope. Using a sample of US cases prosecuted over three calendar years (2021-2024), combined with an international sample of cases, an effort is made to develop a typology of the structure and operation of these trafficking enterprises, the nature of the trafficking and exploitation, and the source of the demand (end users). Examination of the nature of the trafficking enterprise chain is presented: recruitment sources (supply and demand), transit methods (in bringing supply and demand together), and the nature of victim exploitation at the destination. It is argued that beyond offenders and victims, two aspects of human trafficking have been undervalued. These include the need to assess risk to reduce both the pool of individuals at high risk of being trafficked and the demand pool of potential offenders and consumers who exploit these individuals for profit.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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