Major
Animal Science and Technology
Advisor
Maria Hoffman
Advisor Department
Animal and Veterinary Science
Date
4-2020
Keywords
renal; maternal programming; calves; literature review
Abstract
ELISABETH RICKS (Animal Science) Renal Function and Maternal Programming: A Literature Review Sponsor: Maria Hoffman (Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences) The development of renal function is highly determined during pregnancy. The kidney regulates filtration and excretion of minerals and toxins, fluid homeostasis, and helps to regulate blood pressure. The external environment experienced by the mother can determine how the offspring grows and develops. This is a phenomenon known as maternal programming. Different factors such as nutrition, growth restriction, and exposure to disease during pregnancy can result in metabolic consequences of the kidney. Exposure to certain diets in particular is shown to have negative consequences, especially genetically. Gene expression regulation is often affected. This expression is often irreversible and programmed into an offspring, hence why it is important to understand the best way to treat mothers during pregnancy. This research impacts domestic and production animal health. Health of animals is important as they are our food supply and companions. Biomedical research is also possible as the same effect is experienced by humans. Many articles have applications in human medicine, especially surrounding hypertension, a chronic issue in the United States. This review aims to discuss current research in maternal programming of the kidney in the field of animal research. It is complementary to a calf study conducted at the University of Rhode Island and allows for a deeper understanding of the project and therefore better research methodologies for an undergraduate student.