Major
Biological Sciences
Advisor
Allison Harper
Advisor Department
Kinesiology
Date
5-2025
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, with poor dietary habits among its most significant risk factors. While past research has focused on individual nutrients, there is a growing interest in how overall dietary patterns contribute to CVD risk and prevention. This project explores six dietary patterns: vegan, vegetarian, ketogenic, low-fat, intermittent fasting, and Mediterranean. Each diet’s impact on cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, lipid profiles, and inflammation is evaluated, along with their benefits, limitations, and long-term sustainability. Through this investigation, I found that diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats are consistently linked to a reduced risk of CVD. Conversely, diets high in processed foods contribute to hypertension, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that plant-based diets and the Mediterranean diet consistently support cardiovascular health through their high intake of fiber, antioxidants, and healthy fats. Intermittent fasting shows promise in improving metabolic markers, while the ketogenic and low-fat diets yield mixed results depending on adherence and dietary quality. This analysis underscores the importance of individualized dietary recommendations that consider health status, cultural preferences, and socioeconomic factors. Ultimately, a balanced, nutrient-rich diet emphasizing whole foods plays a critical role in the prevention and management of CVD. To extend the impact of this research, I developed a Brightspace module for future offerings of KIN123H to educate students on cardiovascular health and evidence-based dietary practices. The module includes an overview of nutrition’s role in cardiovascular disease prevention, and other informational materials.