Sulfation of indoxyl by human and rat aryl (phenol) sulfotransferases to form indoxyl sulfate

Document Type

Article

Date of Original Version

1-1-2002

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify sulfotransferase (SULT) isoform(s) responsible for the formation of indoxyl sulfate from indoxyl (3-hydroxyindole). Indoxyl was incubated together with the co-substrate 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and either human or rat liver cytosol or recombinant sulfotransferase enzymes. Formation of indoxyl sulfate from indoxyl was measured by HPLC and used for determination of sulfonation rates. Both cytosols sulfonated indoxyl with apparent Km values of 6.8 ± 0.9 μM for human and 3.2 ± 0.6 μM for rat cytosol. To help identify the isoform(s) of SULT responsible for indoxyl sulfate formation, indoxyl was incubated with human and rat liver cytosols and PAPS in the presence of isoform-specific SULT inhibitors. No inhibition was observed by DHEA, a specific hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase inhibitor, nor by oestrone, an inhibitor of oestrogen sulfotransferase. However, an aryl (phenol) sulfotransferase inhibitor, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (DCNP), inhibited the formation of indoxyl sulfate with a IC50 values of 3.2 μM for human and 1.0 μM for rat cytosol indicating that human and rat aryl (phenol) sulfotransferases are responsible for the formation of indoxyl sulfate. When indoxyl was incubated with SULT1A1*2, a human recombinant aryl SULT, an apparent Km value of 5.6 ± 1.8 μM was obtained. Kinetic studies with human and rat cytosols and human recombinant SULT1A1*2 gave similar kinetic values indicating that human and rat aryl sulfotransferases efficiently catalyze the formation of indoxyl sulfate, an important uremic toxin metabolite.

Publication Title, e.g., Journal

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

Volume

27

Issue

2

Link to Full Text

Share

COinS