Consideration of fine-scale coastal oceanography and 3-D acoustics effects for the ESME sound exposure model

Document Type

Article

Date of Original Version

1-1-2006

Abstract

Results and recommendations for evaluating the effects of fine-scale oceanographic scattering and three-dimensional (3-D) acoustic propagation variability on the Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME) acoustic exposure model are presented. Pertinent acoustic scattering theory is briefly reviewed and ocean sound-speed fluctuation models are discussed. Particular attention is given to the nonlinear and linear components of the ocean internal wave field as a source of sound-speed inhomogeneities. Sound scattering through the mainly isotropic linear internal wave field is presented and new results relating to acoustic scattering by the nonlinear internal wave field in both along and across internal wave wavefront orientations are examined. In many cases, there are noteworthy fine-scale induced intensity biases and fluctuations of order 5-20 dB. © 2006 IEEE.

Publication Title, e.g., Journal

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering

Volume

31

Issue

1

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