Role of convection in redistributing formaldehyde to the upper troposphere over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign

Authors

Alan Fried
Haiwei Shen, University of Rhode Island
et al

Document Type

Article

Date of Original Version

2008

Department

Oceanography

Abstract

Measurements of formaldehyde (CH₂O) from a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) were acquired onboard the NASA DC‐8 aircraft during the summer 2004 INTEX‐NA campaign to test our understanding of convection and CH₂O production mechanisms in the upper troposphere (UT, 6–12 km) over continental North America and the North Atlantic Ocean. The present study utilizes these TDLAS measurements and results from a box model to (1) establish sets of conditions by which to distinguish “background” UT CH₂O levels from those perturbed by convection and other causes; (2) quantify the CH₂O precursor budgets for both air mass types; (3) quantify the fraction of time that the UT CH₂O measurements over North America and North Atlantic are perturbed during the summer of 2004; (4) provide estimates for the fraction of time that such perturbed CH₂O levels are caused by direct convection of boundary layer CH₂O and/or convection of CH₂O precursors; (5) assess the ability of box models to reproduce the CH₂O measurements; and (6) examine CH₂O and HO₂ relationships in the presence of enhanced NO. Multiple tracers were used to arrive at a set of UT CH₂O background and perturbed air mass periods, and 46% of the TDLAS measurements fell within the latter category. In general, production of CH₂O from CH₄ was found to be the dominant source term, even in perturbed air masses. This was followed by production from methyl hydroperoxide, methanol, PAN‐type compounds, and ketones, in descending order of their contribution. At least 70% to 73% of the elevated UT observations were caused by enhanced production from CH₂O precursors rather than direct transport of CH₂O from the boundary layer. In the presence of elevated NO, there was a definite trend in the CH₂O measurement–model discrepancy, and this was highly correlated with HO₂ measurement–model discrepancies in the UT.

Citation/Publisher Attribution

Fried, A., et al. (2008), Role of convection in redistributing formaldehyde to the upper troposphere over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17306, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009760.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009760