Organochlorine pesticides and PAHs in the surface water and atmosphere of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean
Document Type
Article
Date of Original Version
8-1-2009
Abstract
Surface seawater and boundary layer atmospheric samples were collected on the FS Polarstern during cruise ARKXX in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean in 2004. Samples were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), with a focus onorganochlorinepesticides,includinghexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordanes, DDTs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, the enantiomer fractions (EFs) of pesticides, notably α-HCH and cischlordane (CC), were determined. Concentrations of dissolved HCB increased from near Europe (∼ 1-2 pg/L) toward the high Arctic (4-10 pg/L). For dissolved HCB, strongest correlations were obtained with the average air or water temperature during sampling, not latitude. In the western Arctic Ocean, surface waters with elevated concentrations of HCB (5-10 pg/ L) were flowing out of the Arctic Ocean as part of the East Greenland current. In contrast to dissolved compounds, atmospheric POPs did not display trends with temperature. Air-water exchange gradients suggested net deposition for all compounds, though HCB was closest to air-water equilibrium. EFs for α-HCH in seawater ranged from 0.43 to 0.50, except for two samples from 75°N in the East Greenland Sea, with EFs of 0.31 and 0.37. Lowest EF (0.47) for CC were also at 75°N, other samples had EFs from 0.49 to 0.52. It is suggested that samples from around 75°N in the Greenland Gyre represented a combination of surface and older/deeper Arctic water. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
Publication Title, e.g., Journal
Environmental Science and Technology
Volume
43
Issue
15
Citation/Publisher Attribution
Lohmann, Rainer, Rosalinda Gioia, Kevin C. Jones, Luca Nizzetto, Christian Temme, Zhiyong Xie, Detlef Schulz-Bull, Ines Hand, Eric Morgan, and Liisa Jantunen. "Organochlorine pesticides and PAHs in the surface water and atmosphere of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean." Environmental Science and Technology 43, 15 (2009). doi: 10.1021/es901229k.