Coupled organic and inorganic carbon cycling in the deep subseafloor sediment of the northeastern Bering Sea Slope (IODP Exp. 323)
Document Type
Article
Date of Original Version
5-24-2011
Abstract
We studied microbially mediated diagenetic processes driven by carbon mineralization in subseafloor sediment of the northeastern Bering Sea Slope to a depth of 745meters below seafloor (mbsf). Sites U1343, U1344 and U1345 were drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 323 at water depths of 1008 to 3172m. They are situated in the high productivity "Green Belt" region, with organic carbon burial rates typical of the high-productivity upwelling domains on western continental margins. The three sites show strong geochemical similarities. The downward sequence of microbially mediated processes in the sediment encompasses (1) organoclastic sulfate reduction, (2) anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction, and (3) methanogenesis. The sediment contains two distinct zones of diagenetic carbonate formation, located at the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) and between 300 and 400mbsf. The SMTZ at the three sites is located between 6 and 9mbsf. The upward methane fluxes into the SMTZ are similar to fluxes in SMTZs underlying high-productivity surface waters off Chile and Namibia. Our Bering Sea results show that intense organic carbon mineralization drives high ammonium and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) production rates (>4.2mmolm-3y-1) in the uppermost 10mbsf and strongly imprints on the stable carbon isotope composition of DIC, driving it to a minimum value of -27‰ (VPDB) at the SMTZ. Pore-water calcium and magnesium profiles demonstrate formation of diagenetic Mg-rich calcite in the SMTZ. Below the SMTZ, methanogenesis results in 13C-enrichment of pore-water DIC, with a maximum value of +11.9‰ The imprint of methanogenesis on the DIC carbon isotope composition is evident down to a depth of 150mbsf. Below this depth, slow or absent microbially mediated carbon mineralization leaves DIC isotope composition unaffected. Ongoing carbonate formation between 300 and 400 mbsf strongly influences pore-water DIC and magnesium concentration profiles. The linked succession of organic carbon mineralization and carbonate dissolution and precipitation patterns that we observe in the Bering Sea Slope sediment may be representative of passive continental margin settings in high-productivity areas of the world's ocean. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Publication Title, e.g., Journal
Chemical Geology
Volume
284
Issue
3-4
Citation/Publisher Attribution
Wehrmann, Laura M., Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Heather N. Schrum, Emily A. Walsh, Youngsook Huh, Minoru Ikehara, Catherine Pierre, Steven D'Hondt, Timothy G. Ferdelman, Ana C. Ravelo, Kozo Takahashi, and Carlos A. Zarikian. "Coupled organic and inorganic carbon cycling in the deep subseafloor sediment of the northeastern Bering Sea Slope (IODP Exp. 323)." Chemical Geology 284, 3-4 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.002.