Document Type

Article

Date of Original Version

2026

Department

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science

Abstract

@font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:Aptos; panose-1:2 11 0 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:536871559 3 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ligatures:standardcontextual;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}.MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:8.0pt; line-height:115%;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} Maintaining efficient and stable carotenoid-based pigmentation remains a challenge in aquaculture due to limited dietary carotenoid bioavailability and variable intestinal absorption. Comet goldfish (Carassius auratus) were used as a model species for aquaculture nutrition and digestive physiology to evaluate the effects of natural carotenoid supplementation from microalgae Dunaliela salina on skin pigmentation and intestinal health. This study aims to determine the effect of D. salina meal addition in formulated feed on the carotenoid content of fish skin, growth and survival as well as the intestinal condition of comet gold fish. Experimental diets were prepared by incorporating D. salina meal into a formulated feed at graded inclusion levels (0, 3, 5, 7, and 9%), where the microalgal meal was homogenized with other feed ingredients, pelleted, and oven-dried before use. The initial weight of experimental fish was 4 ± 1 g. The fishes were maintained in aquarium measuring of 40 × 35 × 35 (l × w × h) cm for 30 days and fed until satiation with 5 treatments of formulated feed added microalgae meal at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 %. Commercial feed was used as control feed and all treatments were in triplicates. The highest final carotenoid content in skin of comet fish at 14.82 mg. g-1 was obtained with addition of 7 % microalgae meal. The highest weight gain was obtained with addition of 5 % microalgae meal at 5.5 g. Normal comet fish intestinal morphology was found in those feds on 9 % microalgae meal. Intestinal inflammation was observed in those feds with the addition of 3, 5 and 7 % microalgae meal and control feed. The intestinal somatic index (ISI) value obtained was 1.08-3.06 %. The survival was 100 % in fish fed with the addition of microalgae meal at high percentage from 5-9%. The findings provide practical guidance for developing natural, microalgae-based functional feeds that improve pigmentation efficiency, support intestinal health, and enhance survival, thereby contributing to more sustainable and economically valuable aquaculture production. We recommend to use 7-9 % of D. salina meal for use in aqua feed to maintain optimal color, growth and survival of ornamental fish or cultured finfish in genera.

Publication Title, e.g., Journal

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan

Volume

18

Issue

2

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License.

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