An fNIRS-Based Motor Imagery BCI for ALS: A Subject-Specific Data-Driven Approach
Document Type
Article
Date of Original Version
12-1-2020
Abstract
Objective: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has recently gained momentum in research on motor-imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, strikingly, most of the research effort is primarily devoted to enhancing fNIRS-based BCIs for healthy individuals. The ability of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among the main BCI end-users to utilize fNIRS-based hemodynamic responses to efficiently control an MI-based BCI, has not yet been explored. This study aims to quantify subject-specific spatio-temporal characteristics of ALS patients' hemodynamic responses to MI tasks, and to investigate the feasibility of using these responses as a means of communication to control a binary BCI. Methods: Hemodynamic responses were recorded using fNIRS from eight patients with ALS while performing MI-Rest tasks. The generalized linear model (GLM) analysis was conducted to statistically estimate and evaluate individualized spatial activation. Selected channel sets were statistically optimized for classification. Subject-specific discriminative features, including a proposed data-driven estimated coefficient obtained from GLM, and optimized classification parameters were identified and used to further evaluate the performance using a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results: Inter-subject variations were observed in spatio-temporal characteristics of patients' hemodynamic responses. Using optimized classification parameters and feature sets, all subjects could successfully use their MI hemodynamic responses to control a BCI with an average classification accuracy of 85.4% ± 9.8%. Significance: Our results indicate a promising application of fNIRS-based MI hemodynamic responses to control a binary BCI by ALS patients. These findings highlight the importance of subject-specific data-driven approaches for identifying discriminative spatio-temporal characteristics for an optimized BCI performance.
Publication Title, e.g., Journal
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
Volume
28
Issue
12
Citation/Publisher Attribution
Hosni, S. M., S. B. Borgheai, J. McLinden, and Y. Shahriari. "An fNIRS-Based Motor Imagery BCI for ALS: A Subject-Specific Data-Driven Approach." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 28, 12 (2020): 3063-3073. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2020.3038717.