Point-of-use ceramic water filters from nano to macro: materials selection, advances in manufacturing and field performance, and research needs
Document Type
Article
Date of Original Version
1-1-2024
Abstract
Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are applied in underserved communities as a point-of-use drinking water treatment system. These devices utilize nano- and macroscale features to remove and inactivate microorganisms in drinking water. Physical filtration, trapping microorganisms in small and tortuous pores, is the primary mechanism for pathogen removal in CWFs. Filter performance can be improved by enabling the CWF with antibacterial nanomaterials that prevent biofilm growth on the surface of the ceramic matrix. In this chapter, we will review the current literature to summarize the effects of (1) materials and (2) manufacturing on the microbial removal performance of a CWF. Materials (clay, burnout material, and antibacterial coating) and manufacturing procedures (firing temperature and atmosphere, ratio of sawdust/clay to water, pressure during molding, etc.) play an important role in the structure and microbial removal of the CWF. Field studies examining the performance of CWFs will also be reviewed for information that relates selection of materials and manufacturing to CWF performance. Recent advances in CWF manufacturing (novel nanomaterial coatings, standardized quality control procedures, and combining CWFs with other technologies) offer avenues for improving performance and future research.
Publication Title, e.g., Journal
Advances in Drinking Water Purification Small Systems and Emerging Issues
Citation/Publisher Attribution
Shepard, Zachary, Hem Pokharel, and Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. "Point-of-use ceramic water filters from nano to macro: materials selection, advances in manufacturing and field performance, and research needs." Advances in Drinking Water Purification Small Systems and Emerging Issues (2024). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-91733-9.00011-8.