Document Type
Article
Date of Original Version
2016
Department
Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Abstract
Glucitol-core containing gallotannins (GCGs) are polyphenols containing galloyl groups attached to a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol core, which is uncommon among naturally occurring plant gallotannins. GCGs have only been isolated from maple (Acer) species, including the red maple (Acer rubrum), a medicinal plant which along with the sugar maple (Acer saccharum), are the major sources of the natural sweetener, maple syrup. GCGs are reported to show antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antidiabetic effects, but their antiglycating potential is unknown. Herein, the inhibitory effects of five GCGs (containing 1–4 galloyls) on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were evaluated by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy, and BSA–fructose, and G.K. peptide-ribose assays. The GCGs showed superior activities compared to the synthetic antiglycating agent, aminoguanidine (IC50 15.8–151.3 vs. >300 μM) at the early, middle, and late stages of glycation. Circular dichroism data revealed that the GCGs were able to protect the secondary structure of BSA protein from glycation. The GCGs did not inhibit AGE formation by the trapping of reactive carbonyl species, namely, methylglyoxal, but showed free radical scavenging activities in the DPPH assay. The free radical quenching properties of the GCGs were further confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using ginnalin A (contains 2 galloyls) as a representative GCG. In addition, this GCG chelated ferrous iron, an oxidative catalyst of AGE formation, supported a potential antioxidant mechanism of antiglycating activity for these polyphenols. Therefore, GCGs should be further investigated for their antidiabetic potential given their antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycating properties.
Citation/Publisher Attribution
Ma, H., Liu, W., Frost, L., Kirschenbaum, L. J., Dain, J. A., & Seeram, N. P. (2016). Glucitol-core containing gallotannins inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products mediated by their antioxidant potential. Food Funct. 7, 2213-2222. doi: 10.1039/C6FO00169F
Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6FO00169F
Comment
Hang Ma and Navindra P. Seeram are in the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Weixi Liu, Louis J. Kirschenbaum and Joel A. Dain are in the Department of Chemistry.
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This is a pre-publication author manuscript of the final, published article.
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