Date of Award
1988
Degree Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Master of Science in Physical Education
Specialization
Physical Education
Department
Physical Education
First Advisor
Robert J. Sonstroem
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of goal attainment and two levels of athletic competence self-perceptions on global self-esteem. A second purpose was to test the applicability of a model (Sonstroem & Morgan, in preparation) developed for tracing the manner in which fitness achievement may impact on general self-esteem. The model was revised to include goal attainment and self-evaluations of specific sport skills in an athletic achievement setting.
The sample consisted of 93 male high school varsity swimmers who had their parents sign an informed consent form and then completed the following inventories three times: Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale(SES) (1965), a modified Estimation Scale (EST) (Sonstroem, 197 4) and Social Desirability Scale (SD) (Jackson, 1984), a study developed Personal Performance Goals Inventory (PPG!), and a study developed Self-Perceptions of Swimming Skills Inventory (SPSS!).
Specific hypotheses tested were: (1) The Test 1 scores of SPSS! And Estimation will be positively and significantly related, (2) Test 1 relationships between SPSS! and Estimation scores will be larger than relationships between SPSS! and SES scores, (3) The Test 1 scores of Estimation and SES will be positively and significantly related, (4) Goal attainment at mid-season is positively and significantly related to changes in SPSS! and Estimation scores at mid-season, (5) Goal attainment at mid-season is more highly related to changes in SPSS! scores than to changes in Estimation scores, (6) Changes in SPSS! scores at mid-season are positively and significantly related to changes in Estimation scores at mid-season, (7) Changes in Estimation scores at mid-season are positively and significantly related to changes in SES scores at mid-season, (8) Changes in SES scores at mid-season are more highly related to changes in Estimation scores at mid-season than to changes in SPSS! scores at mid-season, (9) Goal attainment at post-season is positively and significantly related to changes in SPSS! and Estimation scores from mid-season to post-season, (10) Goal attainment at post-season is more highly related to changes from mid-season to post-season in SPSS! as compared to Estimation scores, (11) Changes in SPSS I scores from mid to post-season are positively and significantly related to changes in Estimation scores from mid to post-season, (12) Changes in Estimation and SES scores from mid-season to post-season are positively and significantly related, and (13) Changes in SES scores from mid-season to post-season are more highly related to changes in Estimation as compared to changes in SPSS! scores over the same time period.
Within the present study, the results obtained supported the following hypotheses: Hypotheses 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, and 13. Additional analyses showed that goal attainment was positively and significantly related to swimming improvement from Test 1 to Test 2. Goal attainment was unrelated to self-esteem, self-evaluations of physical ability, and self-perceptions of swimming skills throughout the study.
The revised model was supported except for the relationship of goal attainment to the rest of the study variables. Additional research is recommended with this model which incorporates a goal setting training program for educating athletes on goal setting. Also the author recommends attempting to replicate the present study with different populations such as females, elite swimmers (Olympians), and possibly other athletes from other sports.
Recommended Citation
Salisbury, Kevin Scott, "The Effect of Goal-Attainment and Perceived Athletic Competence on Global Self-Esteem in High School Swimmers" (1988). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1714.
https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1714
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