WATER USE CRITERIA FOR BOATING A CASE STUDY OF WATER-LAND USE CONFLICTS IN GALILEE, RHODE ISLAND

The area of contact between land and water often results in land use conflict, especially between commercial users of land adjacent to recreational users of water, causing disorders of various types. Much inconvenience results in terms of efficiency for commercial and rec-reational users. Physical criteria were established and found applicable to promote maximum efficient utilization of water areas in terms of boat maneuvering and berthing, waterfront safety, and to aid in predicting desirability of land use development. A counterpart to this thesis, A Study of Land Resources Used For ' Boating in Galilee, Rhode Island, has been written by Mr. Donald Sikorski (a classmate). This study, when applied in conjunction with criteria developed in this volume, will reduce conflicts existing between land and water by promoting sound land development methods in relation to efficient water resource use. Research was conducted at the library of the University of Rhode Island and the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Letters of inquiry were sent .to agencies in the United States concerned with water resource development and recreational boating. Interviews were conducted with personnel of the Rhode Island Department of Natural Resources, ii


INTRODUCTION Statement 2f the Problem
The zone of contact between land and water offers many areas of study in which complex problems arise. This thesis gives particular attention to boating needs. The problem results from the fact that there are many types of boats and an increasing demand for recreational boating and facilities, and that this demand has resulted in conflicts in waterfront planning. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate by using Galilee, Rhode Island as the study area that demand and conflicts exist and that criteria can be developed, which if applied, would reduce these conflicts.

Justification of the Problem
The problem is selected for its timeliness and importance to waterfront planning where water-land relationships have been unplanned or haphazardly arranged. Incompatible uses and facilities, and increasing demands for shoreline boating have resulted, in many instances, in inefficient waterfront development. Therefore, it is necessary to establish criteria which will reduce the conflicts of the water-land relationship for boating. To achieve this goal the problem area, Galilee, Rhode Island, serves as an excellent study area because of the marine-land problems which are an outgrowth of haphazard development in mixed land-water uses.
The primary limitations of this study were a lack. of available boating statistics. State officials have said they are in the process of gathering such data and it will be available in the future. The needs in this case were the number, type and size of boats using Galilee, Rhode Island during the summer boating season. Also the write~ found material on water resource planning somewhat limited.

Present Status of the Problem
There have been few contributors to the problem investigated.
The National Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers, the Outboard Boating Club of America, the American Society of Civil Engineers, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers are the primary contributors to water resource planning. Very little data has been developed by the planning profession, as emphasis is mainly on land use planning.

Organization of the Thesis
The arrangement of the thesis follows. Chapter II, "Inventory of the Problem Area, 11 explains the location and boundaries of the study area; land ownership; existing water and shoreline use analysis; utilities and facilities surveys; and circulation and accessibility.
Chapter III, "Marine Resources Criteria, 11 covers existing facilities inventoried for boating; water area used for boating; necessary marine facilities required for boating; specific marine problems related to boating; and criteria for efficient marine uses involving the type of boating facilities, extent of boating facilities, arrangement of boating facilities, and water-area requirements .
Chapter IV, "Land Resource Criteria, fl is a summary of the land resource criteria established in the counterpart to this thesis entitled flA Study of Land Resources Used for Boating in Galilee, Rhode Island. fl Chapter V, "Application of Criteria to Galilee , Rhode Island, 11 applies the criteria developed in Chapter III and includes schematic designs of recommended water and land use.
Chapter VI is an overall conclusion and summary of the thesis.

Sources of Data and Method of Procedure
Two hundred six letters of inquiry were sent to agencies and individuals primarily in the United States connected with boating and water resources for information related to this thesis. A list of respondents to these letters of inquiry is appended.
Extensive library research was carried out at the University of Rhode Island and Harvard University . Additional material was received from other libraries through the University of Rhode Island interlibrary loan program.
Interviews were conducted with both commercial and sports fishermen, merchants in the Galilee area, Rhode Island Department ·1 of Natural Resources personnel and property owners in the vicinity of Galilee, Rhode Island. Observations were made of marinas and boat launching areas. A forty minute color film entitled "Marinas" produced by the National Association of Boat and Engine Manufacturers was also obtained.
The case study method was used because it describes an existing situation--the water resource problems in Galilee, Rhode Island.
These problems are defined and suggestions are made that will enable the planner to correct them and similar problems elsewhere. because of a lack of funds, has been unable to finance the needs in Galilee. One alternative suggested by fishermen is to establish a 'Port Commission which will have the authority to issue revenue bonds backed by the state to finance development in Galilee. It is understandable that persons living many miles from Galilee unaware of its problems are somewhat hesitant to have their elected representatives vote funds for Galilee when financial needs are so great throughout all of Rhode Island.

Existing Water and Shoreline Uses
Within the study area lies a diversity of land uses. Residential uses tend to be congregative on a small, congested, privately owned parcel of land in the southern portion of Galilee. The commercial uses are scattered throughout the area in both inland and waterfront locations. There are no marine railways in Galilee itself, but this facility does exist on the opposite shore in Jerusalem, Rhode Island. It is not absolutely necessary for such a facility to be located at Galilee as long as there are others in the near area. At present the facilities in Jerusalem are sufficient and are only used when boats need repairs or painting.
Breakwaters or baffles to protect small craft from natural waves or large boat wakes do not exist within th~ Galilee water area. This is probably due to the fact that a small boat area is really not developed.
For all practical purposes, one could say such an area does not exist.
A body of water for small craft does exist, but because no proper facilities are in the area, the writer cannot define it as an accepted small craft area, but only as an unutilized area.
One can purchase fuel in Galilee, but first he has to find it. Existing fuel facilities do not have easy accessibility, are not located at the end of a pier, and would require the patron to seek out the seller at the J. L. Shellfish Company next to the ferry landing, where the only facility is located. No facilities exist to remove sewage from boats at Galilee. The need for such facilities is becoming particularly urgent as the number of craft using the Galilee area continues to increase.
As can be seen, Galilee is deficient in many facilities. T hi s neglect of one of Rhode Island's natural resources necessitates urgent action by the state of Rhode Island and the local municipality.

Water Area Used for Boating
As commercial and pleasure boats gradually increased in number, size and importance, so the need for more spacious accommodation became more pressing and the demand for larger and better harbors more imperative. 13 Such a need for accommodations applies to Galilee, Rhode Island as well as the nation as a whole.
Water resource areas such as Galilee should fulfill the following four main requirements: (1) Provide a tract of tranquil water for protection against wind and waves (2) Permit quick dispatch of the commercial fleet    --high point where dry repair or transfer operations can be conducted.
The railway is equipped with a cradle or car on wheels operated by a 20 cable from an engine or motor located near the upper end.

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Marire railways are as necessary to boats as parking and service areas for automobiles. In time of hurricanes a properly located railway can remove a boat from water to the safety of land. On the other hand, . in the case of a land fire, dry docked boats can be placed in the water for protection. Marine railways are particularly necessary in an area such as Galilee, for the commercial fishing fleet frequently requires repairs that can only be accommodated by such a facility.
The limited depths in the Galilee water area, which is a part of Point Judith Pond, plus the increase in size of the average commercial fishing vessel has kept the boatyards on Point Judith Pond from increasing their marine railways to handle the larger craft. These larger craft are forced to go to Jamestown, Newp~rt, Wickford, and Stonington to be handled and serviced. 2 1 20 Ibid. , p. 14 7.

South Kingstown Waterfront Resources Committee, Point Judith
Harbor--Proposed Navigation Improvements and Hurricane Protection (Rhode Island: South Kingstown Waterfront Resources Committee, 1968), p. 16.
Launching Ramps. The construction of launching ramps aids in eliminating the indiscriminate launching of pleasure boats from adjacent highways. 22 Launching ramps are primarily access sites where recreational boaters can place their trailered boats in the water. Adaqua.cy of launching ramps can become very critical in times of a storm. In such a case inadequacy would find many recreational boaters waiting in rain and possibly rough water to remove their craft.
All launching ramps should be located in such a manner that once the boat is in the water facilities such as fueling, tackle, bait, etcetera should be conveniently located so that the boat operator can proceed from the launching ramp to the dock where he may tie up for a short

FIGURE IV
LAUNCHING RAMP WITH DOCK Breakwaters. The waves have various effects upon boats and these effects can only be described as detrimental, for example, causing the craft to break away from their mooring and drift upon other boats. It is necessary to reduce waves to such small amplitude in small craft harbors that the wave energy transmitted through the breakwater will not form waves that will be damaging. Galilee leaves much to be desired in providing fuel, water and electricity . Improvements have been made and are continuing to be made, but maximum convenience to boaters is lacking. The available pier facilities are constructed on a common design without regard for boat size.
Patrol Boat. A water patrol unit is the effective instrument for enforcing rules and regulations on a water area heavily used by recreational craft. The patrol unit is necessary to protect both life and property and may be used for emergency first-aid. The patrol craft is usually manned by a regular law enforcement officer or constable. Functions of a water resource area may be a storm or emergency haven, a convenience harbor such as one used for overnight stays, or temporary tie-ups commonly referred to as transients, a commercial fishing boat moorage, or a recreation center for pleasure boats for seasonal use. Few water recreation areas will be exclusively any of the aforementioned categories. Most will involve some combination of these functions. In any case the planner, when starting his work, should establish this water resource area function quite definitely and develop his plan so that the functional purpose can best be accomplished.31 In the case of Galilee, Rhode Island the aforementioned categories are all clearly applicable to this area, as shown in A Survey to Determine To be successful in its purpose the location must suit a demand.
As an example, it would usually be in error to locate a deep-sea commercial fishing harbor twenty miles up a narrow river because of time lost traveling to the fishing grounds. On the other hand, that might be an ideal location for a commercial venture or a recreational accessibility from a larger body of water would be most desirable.
Three major factors which have a bearing on access to boating installations from the water are the depth and fluctuation of the water level, existing or proposed bridges, and proximity to open water. A combination of circumstances may occasionally cause extremely high or low tides on tidal waters, but this is usually within the knowledge of local residents. Tide tables and water charts are extremely accurate devices for determining water depth and tide fluctuations. Tides may lower the water level so that deep draft boats cannot use the facilities, but these difficulties can be overcome through proper design.
33 Water areas must be accessible to its users by land. For example, fuel facilities would be located where sufficient water depth for boats existed at both low and high tides.   The shallows of a water area are often a zone in which many aquatic activities are concentrated. When activities such as boating and water skiing with high space consumption transgress on activities with low space consumption such as swimming, or scuba diving zoning for certain uses is justified. 46 Water-born wastes have been recognized as one of the major limitations of water recreation areas and can be a hazard to health.
In addition many accidents have occured because of persons swimming where boats were passing by. Accidents could also occur when pleas-  The boating uses in Galilee, Rhode Island are c ommercial fishing, ferry service to Block Island, sports and charter fishing, and recreational or pleasure boating. These boating types result in many problems .
The fishing industry is quickly becoming outmoded by change i.e . its position as a competitive market will remain dubius unless expansion and planning occurs in the near future .
The ferry transportation service lacks a good location and area for automobile parking and boarding . The charter fishing boats are a magnet for many enthusiastic fishermen who come to Galilee every summer; however, their parking areas are insufficient in size . Also there appears to be a lack of adequate berthing facilities which are desirable for these enthusiasts. 1. Stores should be relatively close to berthing areas to insure easy access for boaters.

2.
A sufficient amount of land should be retained between the retail establishments and slips so that access to boats is not impeded, spectator areas are provided, and landscaping is planted.
3. Preferably the establishments should be constructed on relatively level land to reduce the cost of construction and facilitate easy access.
4. The center should be in such a location that it is easily accessible from the main entrance to the facility and other parts of the site.
5. The establishments should be visable and readily accessible from the highway.
6. Stores should be grouped according to selling power, visual access, requirements, and service needs.

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The land area needed for facilities has been established and tested by Mr. Charles Chaney. When many activities exist such as in larger marina operations with boat handling areas, sales rooms. restaurants, and the like, one and one-fourth to one and three-fourths acres of land are needed for each acre of water. However, for the smaller facility, which basically receives fishing traffic and trailered boats, one acre of land is needed for each acre of water.
The needed facilities are dictated to a large degree by the demands placed upon existing facilities. However, in all probability commercial establishments will be constructed as more people enjoy visiting such water areas to partake in and view the boating activities. Therefore, it is important to establish districts where commercial activities will result in efficient utilization of the existing land area.

ALL LAND USES ALONG THE WATER SHOULD BE ARRANGED TO MAKE THE BEST USE OF THE SUR-FACE WATER.
Industrial uses of waterfront locations are for four reasons: 1. Availability of raw water for manufacturing or processing purposes.
2, Need for disposal of wastes created in the manufacturing process.
3. Convenience in the production and maintenance of water-related products such as fishing equipment.
4. Capitalization of various resources from the sea as in commercial fishing .
In Galilee the utilization of land for these purposes is focused primarily upon the commercial fishing industry for unloading an ex- It is necessary to provide boaters with a parking area close to the docks so that gear may be transferred easily from automobile to boat and vice-versa. The trailer parking area needs about 600 square feet of maneuvering and parking space for each vehicle with trailer and a design that permits the vehicles to move efficiently from ramp to parking space. Parking requirements to be considered are: 1. One space for each transient boat .
2. One and one-half spaces for permanently moored boats .
3. One space for each three spaces on a sightseeing or party fishing boat.
4 . One space for every two employees working in a fish processing plant. The Galilee water area is primarily a commercial fishing port.
Boatyards and suppliers catering to the commercial fishermen are active year-round industries. The area includes extensive, although not ideal, facilities for commercial fishing, sport fishing, recreational boating, and swimming. The principal year-round activity is commercial fishing which includes the fish dehydrating plant and the fisherman 1 s cooperative which processes and exports edible fish from Rhode Island.
Not only is Galilee a commercial fishing port, but the area is a center of pleasure boating and sport fishing for Rhode Island and nearby Connecticut and Massachusetts. Approximately 150 large sport fishing boats come to Galilee each year for the annual Atlantic Tuna Tournament.
A large number of charter boats operate from Galilee primarily for recreational fishing parties and cruises.
It is obvious that Galilee functions as both a commercial fishing port and a center for recreational boating; and due to its location on the 62 ocean, Galilee is both a convenience harbor and an emergency haven.
The growth of recreational boating and commercial fishing activities in Galilee suggest the need that Galilee be developed as both a commercial and a recreational area . The area is undergoing rapid deterioration and has suffered from poor planning as will be shown in the following pages. Island boat count, as sailboat owners are not required to register their boats if without motors, the writer feels that state officials are aware of these problems and are attempting to gather more accurate data.
Site selection for facilities in Galilee must be accomplished without recreational boat statistics. Fortunately, the commercial boat information is available. It is the writer's contention that commercial facilities should be planned in accordance with known statistics, and that  The preceeding boat types and percentages could be of some aid in determining space requirements by giving the planner some insight as to the type of boats for which he must provide facilities. Table I on page 24 indicates water space requirements for pleasure boats. Table II  Existing water space utilization at Galilee is inefficient, but efficient utilization of such space is possible. The schematic design on page 79 is meant only as a guide for suggested water use areas by boat types based on all the criteria contained in this thesis.

IN ACCOMMODATING TRAILERED BOATS ONE LA UNCH LANE SHOULD BE PROVIDED FOR EACH FORTY BOATS USING THE FACILITY
Galilee presently has one launch lane. No official statistics are available on its use, but the writer interviewed merchants in the area and the general consensus was that from 40 to 60 boats used the facility during summer days. On this basis it is suggested that Galilee have two boat ramps to accommodate the recreational boater during the summer season. While two ramps are somewhat more than is presently needed, one ramp is not sufficient as boaters frequently have to wait in line to use the existing facility. It is recommended that the ramps be loca~ed as shown on page 79 because of ease of access, adequate space for parking and maneuvering. The writer was unable to determine why the existing facility is located in its present area for any other reason than access from Great Island Road .
. The ramps should be constructed with an optimum slope of 12 per cent, minimum slope of 10 per cent, and maximum slope of 14 per cent. If the slope is too shallow, the trailer will have to be backed far out into the water before the boat itself can be floated from the trailer.
If the slope is too steep, there is danger that the car will not be able to get sufficient traction to pull the trailer back out of the water.
Adequate turning area at the boat launching ramp is necessary ao that an experienced driver can easily back his trailer into the water. 60 A single ramp should have an optimum width of 12 feet and should not be less than 10 feet. Finally, a small dock or pier should be provided near 60 charles C. Stott, Evaluating Water Based Recreation Facilities and Areas, Bulletin No. 70 (Washington: National Recreation & Park Association, 1967), p. 34. Ideally to assure orderly traffic control and to reduce vandalism one waterside access to recreational boating facilities would be desirable .
Such a measure is possible at Galilee and could serve a two fold purpose, the other being one of protection for small craft within the area.
To implement this criteria the writer suggests a breakwater to be constructed in a southeasterly direction from the point of Little Comfort Island approximately 400 feet; then an easterly direction for approximately 175 feet, as shown on page 79. Also an alternate breakwater, as shown cm pagG 79 may offar greti.teJ? p;rot@etion to all graft in thiB wator area. The breakwaters would not only provide control, security, and safety for small craft, but small recreational craft would be separated from the commercial fleet, an advantage discussed earlier in this study.
However, the writer suggests that an engineering study be conducted to    Galilee has particular need for zoning because of competing users of water area and facilities. Water zoning may be of three types, namely, area, time and space. In area zoning various water areas are established for certain kinds of boating activity. Time zoning involves setting aside some portion of the day for one activity and a different portion for conflicting activity. Space zoning is designed to minimize the conflict between fast and slow boats by providing a barrier of space around the slow boats. A boat thus approaching a fisherman would be required to slow to a no-wake speed until it is the required distance away from the fisherman. 67 The writer feels area zoning is the greatest need in Galilee. Because of the vast water area available to the recreational boater in Salt Pond, the Harbor of Refuge, and the ocean, space and time zoning are not an immediate problem as they might be on a lake where water zoning is limited.
The schematic design on page 79'shows suggested water uses for Galilee. The commercial boat area is located close to both fish proc- It must be stated that implementation of such water use patterns in Galilee would be expensive; yet it must be realized that due to the extensive deterioration of facilities in Galilee improvements are necessary.

IN PLANNING WATER RESOURCE AREAS FOR BOAT FACILITIES THE WATER AREA SHOULD BE COMPLI-MENTED BY AT LEAST AS MUCH LAND .
Land equal to the water area used for boating facilities exists in Galilee, yet much of it is not directly related to boating. Many of the structures in Galilee are deteriorating and empty. Efficient utilization of the land requires that some of these buildings be removed. Galilee has a great potential as a boat harbor . Realization of such potential depends upon adherence to criteria developed in this and the counterpart to this thesis. The land adjacent t o the water area must be developed so that harmony between the two may be achieved. Activities such as marine railways, road3and driveways, parking areas, service and sales should be located with respect to c onvenience and efficient utilization. In order that this may be achieved land facilities require as much space as the water area to be served. While detailed statistics are not yet available for Galilee, one could find solace in the fact that so many boaters do not require permanent facilities. However, if more facilities at a reasonable cost 78 were available, many boat owners might be enticed to use them. As stated, due to the absence of data for Galilee the writer has recommended that pleasure boat areas be planned for 60 per cent capacity and developed in stages as demand increases .

VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
In the preparation of this thesis the writer's desires were to develop criteria to r.educe conflicts in areas where the land and water meet. Such criteria were developed and shown how they could be applied in Galilee, Rhode Island. It was found that if the criteria in this thesis were applied to Galilee, benefits to boaters, both commercial and recreational, would be realized.
Criteria developed and applied to Galilee could result in a much safer water area for its users. Segregated use areas could increase efficiency for the commercial fishing establishment and allow the recreational boat enthusiast to enjoy adequate facilities that presently do not exist.
At present ther~ is a shortage of material available to guide planners in dealing with water-use and boating recreation. The writer feels that this thesis will contribute to an understanding of water resource planning by showing the mistakes that have been made as a water area developed, and ways of avoiding these same errors.
Considerable time was spent gathering material that w6uld aid in planning water areas. It is felt this thesis will guide others to these 80 same sources and aid them in solving water resource planning problems as they may arise.
The criteria in this thesis will enable planners to approach a water area with an insight as to the needs and possible potential of that particular area. It is the writer's feeling that this thesis will help to determine the most appropriate use of water resources. It will also aid in determining ideal locations for recreational water facilities, obtaining maximum potential utilization of water resources that will result in safety and convenience to the public, and further expose the need for such planning. The criteria in this thesis aid in determining clearances necessary for boat maneuvering and berthing and sizes and capacities of berthing areas. In addition the planner will have an awareness of how wind, tides, currents, water depth, and littoral drift may influence his decision making.
Galilee's problems are mainly financial, and a Port Authority would probably solve such problems. The authority would establish rules and regulations for the safe and efficient operation of the area; fix standards of design, construction, safety and sanitation. The authority should be able to float bond issues for such needs that exist and pledge revenues of the port to pay these bonds. 68 One factor that cannot be neglected in Galilee is the need for current data on recreational boating. At present the size and number 68 united States Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration, .Q.E.· cit., pp. 14-15. of recreational craft that use Galilee either seasonally or for short stays is not known. The ·writer recommends that a survey be conducted to ascertain such data in order that facilities may be provided with more accuracy.
There is every indication that the improvements recom,mended for Galilee are economically justified. The navigational improvements suggested by the Corps of Engineers have a benefit-cost ratio of 1. 6 to 1. 0. 69 Necessary facilities of the types recommended for Galilee are similar to those found in marinas in Rhode Island. Nothing has been suggested for Galilee that is not in present demand or has not been provided in other municipalities. Due to the fact that Galilee is partially a commercial fishing port the Federal Government would bear over 50 per cent of navigational improvements ..

Criteria Summarized
When developing water areas, such as Galilee, Rhode Island, the primary reason for this development must be its function. Such functions are recreational area, commercial area, refuge area, convenience harbor, and transportation center.
[, The location of water resource areas to be planned should clearly relate to function. Location must consider the distance to fishing grounds for commercial fishermen, aesthetics particularly for recreational users, water quality for both commercial and recreational 69 united States Congress, House, Committee on Public Works, 2.E.• cit, I p, 64 o users, and must be accessible by land and water.
Water site selection for boating facilities should be determined by the number and size of boats to be accommodated and should be accessible by land and water. Depth requirements increase as boat sizes increase. Channels should offer safe accessibility to facilities . Sufficient water area is necessary to avoid congestion.

£13
Water resource space requirements for berthing and maneuvering should be determined by the number and size of boats to be accommodated .
The demand for pleasure boat facilities inc reases 10 per cent per year.
The present trend is towards larger craft. It is necessary to provide facilities for transients .
In accommodating trailered boats one launch lane should be provided for each forty boats using the facility. One facility per forty boats is adequate to prevent delays in launching. Launching facilities must be protected from wind and waves. Launching facilities ·should include a dock to aid in handling the craft.
In planning water resource areas there should be only one waterside access to recreational boating facilities . One access point aids in boat tr-affic control. Also, one access point is a security factor to aid in preventing vandalism .
In order to exercise control of marine traffic harbor master facilities should be so located as to be able to observe and regulate this traffic and also provide security for moored craft . Ideally the harbor master must be able to observe craft both entering and leaving the harbor. Harbor master facilities should be readily available to boaters seeking information and berthing instructions .
In planning berthing areas, such as slips for boats of all types, clearances between opposite slips should be beyond the beam (width) and length of the boats. Inadequate clearances between slips can be a fire hazard should conditions require boats to be moved. Adequate clearances insure maximum convenience to boat operators.
The entrance to a harbor or berthing area should be so located and wide enough to permit the speedy and safe passage of boats in time of storms, fire or other emergency. Channel width should be five times the beam (width) of the largest boat expected to use the channel. Proper c hannel width will reduce the possibilities of boat collisions and congestion.
Breakwaters and floating baffles will protect small craft from natural waves, waves from larger craft and floating debris . Breakwaters and floating baffles will create a buffer to separate recreational craft from other water uses such as the commercial fishing industry .
Water resource planning should include zoning of water areas with respect to function such as commercial or recreational boating. Space zoning is designed to minimize conflict between different types of water users. Time zoning involves allocating a portion of the day to different water users.
In planning water resource areas for boating facilities the water area should be complimented by at least as much land. An equal amount of land is necessary to support water activities. An equal amount of land will increase harmony between land and water by providing adequate shore facilities.
In planning water resource areas mooring and berthing areas should be so located as to permit quick evacuation in case of fire or other emergency. Berthing areas should provide for convenient maneuvering space and should be accessible to open water areas.
In providing facilities on water resource areas planners should assume that 50 per cent of the pleasure craft will be launched, hauled and stored by the individual owners. It is not necessary to provide seasonal berthing facilities for all recreational craft in a particular area. It must be realized that adequate, economically priced facilities would attract persons who normally haul their craft out of the water I after each use.
The writer in this thesis has tried to show the reason water use deserves equal concern and why zoning should also be a tool for water use planning.
The counterpart to this thesis, "A Study of Land Resources Used for Boating in Galilee, Rhode Island," has established criteria, which are summarized in Chapter IV, to reduce the problems as they pertain to land resource uses. These criteria if applied provide visual and physical access to the water, solve land use problems where land is associated ----with boating functions and simplify the decision making process in determining facility needs.

86
Water and land uses may enjoy a degree of harmony provided certain factors are realized. Those factors are the criteria developed in this and the counterpart to this thesis. It is hoped that other planners may benefit from this research as the writer has in conducting the project.
--(Sample of letter of inquiry) 96 Gentlemen: I am in the beginning stages of writing my thesis in the Department of Community Planning at the University of Rhode Island and would greatly appreciate any information you might be able to provide related to my problem.
The title of my thesis is "A Study of Marine Resources Applied to Galilee, Rhode Island. 11 The problem which I have chosen to investigate is the demand for boating and that this demand has resulted in conflicts in waterfront planning. Therefore, it is my intention to demonstrate by using Galilee as the problem area, that the demand and conflicts in the water-land relationship exist and that criteria can be developed, which if applied, would reduce these conflicts. Specifically, the c_ riteria will relate to the type of boating facilities, extent and arrangement of these facilities, and water-area requirements. Any information you may be able to give me would be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely yours William R. Onosko . Post Office Box 15 Wakefield_, Rhode Island